Clinical and etiological aspects of alopecia X in dogs

Abstract

Alopecia X or “hair follicle entrapment” is a common dermatopathy in veterinary dermatological consultations, characterized by a set of skin manifestations such as hair loss. Its etiology remains unknown to the present day, which justifies its name. The suspicion is that it is a hereditary disease, and it is interesting to note that, in areas of trauma or biopsy, hair regrowth occurs. It affects both females and males, with a predilection for uncastrated males between one to five years old. It mainly affects Nordic breeds such as the German Spitz, Alaskan Malamute, Siberian Husky and Samoyed. It may be related to endocrine disorders and be accompanied by secondary diseases, due to the loss of protection offered by the coat. The main clinical sign is non-inflammatory, bilateral and symmetric hair loss, dry and dull hair with a woolen appearance, in addition to melanoderma and other nonspecific alterations. The diagnosis can be made based on the patient’s response to the instituted treatment. Castration of affected animals is currently the most used therapy. The veterinarian must be aware of the occurrence, clinical signs and treatment of this condition, in order to guide tutors correctly. The objective of the work was to contribute to the understanding of alopecia X by gathering pertinent information.