Literature review: Tritrichomonas foetus in domestic cats (Felis catus)

Abstract

Feline trichomoniasis is an emerging disease, whose pathogen, Tritrichomonas foetus, has been recognized in recent decades, previously being attributed to Giardia spp. due to their morphological similarities and analogous symptomatology. In felines, the main symptom is diarrhea. This condition is a result of an inflammatory process in the large intestine (colitis) and can be chronic or intermittent. Feces may have a foul odor, the presence of mucus, and occasionally, streaks of blood, as well as a greenish-yellow coloration. The animal may also manifest anorexia, vomiting, weight loss, tenesmus, and flatulence. Transmission occurs through the ingestion of trophozoites, via fecal-oral route and through grooming. Animals living in high population density environments are more likely to develop the infection compared to those not living in multi-cat environments. The accuracy of the diagnosis may be reduced due to morphological similarities between protozoa of the genera Giardia and Tritrichomonas, often resulting in underdiagnosis of this disease. The effectiveness of the treatment depends not only on the precise diagnosis of the disease but also on the pathogen’s susceptibility to drugs. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and proper management practices are essential for resolving this disease. Thus, the present work aims to compile information on trichomoniasis in domestic cats.