Diagnosis and treatment of subchondral cystic lesions in horses: literature review

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the different diagnostic techniques and treatment options for subchondral cystic lesions in horses. Data Sources: DEDALUS and PUBMED databases and the co/lection of/library of the Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo), São Paulo, SP, Brazi/, leer searched, covering a retrospective period of 18 years. Data Synthesis: Subchondral cystic lesions (SCL) and Sleochondrilis dissents (OCD) are COn1lllOn manifestations of Sleochondrosis in horses. SCLs are most frequenlly seen in the medial femoral condyle, but they can occur at different sales, such as the metacarpus, metatarsus, radius, scapula, humerus, libia, femur, carpus, larsus, phalanges and sesamoids. Horses affected with SCLs are typically young, growing animals, mostly between 6 months and 2 years of age, presenting with lameness affine' the onset of training. According to clinical studies, SCLs can be diagnosed by radiographic examination, ultrasonographic examination, scinligraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical debridement through arthroscopy or arthrolomy, conservative treatment and intraregional corticosteroids are mentioned as treatment options. Conclusions: Despite the modern technologies available, such as magnetic resonance imaging and scinligraphy, that enable early diagnosis of these lesions, radiology still remains the most popular diagnostic technique employed, of/lowed by ultrasonography. Based on documented results of both, surgical and conservative treatments, horses presenting with clinical signs related lo a SCL are potential candidates for surgical debridement, preferably through arthroscopic surgery, once such patients will probably not regain allelic soundness unless they are operated on.